list of awacs aircraft

List Of Awacs Aircraft - An early warning and control (AEW&C) system is an airborne radar system designed to detect aircraft, ships, vehicles, missiles and other incoming missiles at long range and conduct air command and control of target air assets. fighter and attack aircraft. AEW&C units are also used for surveillance, including above ground and often for command and control (BMC2). When used at altitude, airborne radar allows operators to identify and track targets and distinguish between enemy and enemy aircraft at greater distances than ground-based radar.

Like ground-based radar, it can be detected by opposing forces, but due to its mobility and extended range, it is not vulnerable to attack.

List Of Awacs Aircraft

AEW&C aircraft are used in both defensive and offensive air operations and are to the NATO and US Air Force trained or integrated what a combat information center is to a naval warship, apart from being a highly mobile and powerful radar. . The system is used to guide fighters to their targets and defend themselves to direct attacks on enemy forces, both in the air and on the ground. So important are the benefits of commanding and controlling high-altitude aircraft that some navies operate such aircraft from their warships at sea. In the case of the United States Navy, the Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye AEW&C aircraft has been assigned to protect them and augment their Information Centers (CICs). The term "airborne early warning" (AEW) is used for similar aircraft used in the less demanding role of radar pickets,

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Such as the Fairey Gannet AEW.3 and the Lockheed EC-121 Warning, and is still used by the Air Force on the Stry AEW1, while AEW&C (airborne early warning and control) emphasizes the ability to guide and control which can be small or simple radar aircraft there is AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System) is the name of the special system installed on the E-3 and Japan's Boeing E-767 AEW&C, but is often used as a general term for AEW&C.

In the first known airstrike in which both rival countries used early warning and surveillance aircraft over the Indian subcontinent during an airstrike in February 2019 between India and Pakistan, India used the A-50I Phalcon and DRDO Netra

Modern AEW&C systems can detect aircraft from 400 kilometers (220 nmi), far beyond most air-to-air missiles. An AEW&C aircraft flying at 9,000 meters (30,000 ft) can cover an area of ​​312,000 km

The AEW&C system communicates with the aircraft that directs the fighters to the enemy aircraft or anything that flies undetected, it provides threats and information, it helps to expand the ssor and make the attacking aircraft difficult to track because they no longer need to keep your radar active (it can be detected by the enemy) to identify them terrorism.

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After developing the Home Chain - the first ground-based early detection radar system - in the 1930s, the British developed a radar that could be carried in aircraft for what they called "aircraft surveillance". The objective was to monitor the Northwest Passage, where the German high-flying Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor threatened the transport. The Vickers Wellington (serial R1629) is equipped with a rotating antenna. It was tested for aerial use and used against German E-boats.

Another Wellington-equipped radar with a different function was used to guide Bristol Beaufighters to Heinkel He 111s, which were V-1 bombers.

In February 1944, the US Navy was tasked with developing an airborne radar system under Project Cadillac.

A prototype of the system was built and launched in August on a modified TBM Avger torpedo. Tests were successful, with the system able to detect flying objects at a distance of more than 100 miles (160 km). The US Navy ordered the TBM-3W, the first AEW aircraft to enter service. TBM-3Ws were fitted with the AN/APS-20 radar in March 1945, and eventually 27 were built.

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It was also decided that large land-based aircraft would be interesting, so in the Cadillac II program a number of Boeing B-17G Flying Fortress bombers were also fitted with the same radar.

The Lockheed WV and EC-121 Early Warning Star, first flown in 1949, saw extensive service with the United States Air Force and the United States Navy. It provided the AEW focus to the US Army during the Vietnam War.

In almost parallel development, N-class aircraft were also used as AEW aircraft, filling the gap in radar coverage in the continental United States, their endurance of more than 200 hours being a major asset of AEW aircraft.

After it was determined that the proposed radar equipment was not suitable for the Tupolev Tu-95 or Tupolev Tu-116, it was decided to use the capable Tupolev Tu-114.

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This solved the cooling and space utilization problems that existed with the smaller fuselages of the Tu-95 and Tu-116.

The resulting system, the Tupolev Tu-126, entered service in 1965 with the Soviet Air Force and remained in service until it was replaced by the Beriev A-50 in 1984.

During the Cold War, the UK used a strong AEW capability, initially with the US Douglas AD-4W Skyraiders, designated the Skyraider AEW.1, which was also replaced by the Fairey Gannet AEW.3 using the same AN/APS-20 radar. . .

With the retirement of conventional aircraft carriers, the Gannet was phased out and the Royal Air Force (RAF) installed radars from Gannets on Avro Shackleton MR.2 aircraft, redesignating the Shackleton AEW.2.

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To replace the Shackleton AEW.2, an AEW variant of the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod, known as the Nimrod AEW3, was ordered in 1974. After a long and troubled development, this was discontinued in 1986 and the seven E-3Ds were designated for the Stry AEW. 1. in RAF service, purchased there.

Many countries have developed AEW&C systems, although the Boeing E-3 Stry and Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye are the most common systems in the world.

Installed on the E-3 Stry (Boeing 707) or more specifically the Boeing E-767 (Boeing 767), it was used only by the Japanese Air Force.

When AWACS first entered service, it showed significant improvements in capabilities, being the first AEW to use pulse-Doppler radar, allowing it to track targets that would normally disappear in the chaos.

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AWACS has three radars that measure azimuth, range, and altitude simultaneously; the device installed on the E-767 has more water control capabilities than the AN/APY-1 system on earlier E-3 models.

The E-2 Hawkeye was a special purpose aircraft. Attempting to enter service in 1965, it initially encountered technical problems that led to its cancellation (and later modification).

The market was revived after efforts to improve reliability such as replacing the original drum computer used to process radar data with a Litton L-304 computer.

In addition to the US Navy purchase, the E-2 Hawkeye was sold to the armies of Egypt, France, Israel, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan.

Airborne Early Warning And Control

It is said that the APY-9 radar can detect high-altitude fighter jets, which typically develop high frequency bands such as Ka, Ku, X, C and S-band components. Historically, UHF radars have had resolution and detection problems that have made them ineffective for effective countermeasures and fire control; Northrop Grumman and Lockheed claim that the APY-9 has addressed these shortcomings in the APY-9 by using an electronic sweeper and computationally intensive application of time/time processing.

The Russian Air Force currently operates around 15-20 Beriev A-50 and A-50U "Shmel" in AEW roles. The "prop" is based on the Ilyushin Il-76 airframe, with a large non-replaceable display on the rear of the fuselage. They replaced the 12 Tupolev Tu-126s that had filled the role earlier. The A-50 and A-50U will eventually be replaced by the Beriev A-100, which features an AESA array in the airframe and is based on the upgraded Il-476.

In May 1997, Russia and Israel agreed to cooperate in compliance with an order from China to develop and provide early warning systems. China has reportedly ordered one Phalcon for $250 million, which includes modifying the Russian Ilyushin-76 cargo plane [also mislabeled as the Beriev A-50 Mainstay] with advanced Elta systems, computers, radar and communications. . Beijing is expected to acquire more Phalcon AEW systems and is said to be able to buy at least three [and possibly as many as eight] other systems, the prototype of which was scheduled to be tested in the early 2000s. one of China's four dollar sales of the Phalcon. After the A-50I/Phalcon contract was cancelled, China changed its local solutions. The Phalcon radar and other electronics were removed from the unfinished Il-76 and airlifted to China via Russia in 2002. The Chinese AWACS has a unique Phased Array Radar (PAR) developed for the exhibition. Unlike US AWACS aircraft, which rotate rotodomes to provide 360-degree coverage, Chinese AWACS radar antennas do not rotate. Instead, three PAR antenna models are placed in a triangular shape inside the fairing to provide 360 ​​degrees.

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